Understanding and Reducing Prison Violence
An Integrated Social Control-Opportunity Perspective
Benjamin Steiner ; John Wooldredge
Prison violence is not a random process; rates of violence vary across prisons and the odds of perpetrating violence or experiencing violent victimization vary across inmates and staff. Les mer
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Prison violence is not a random process; rates of violence vary across prisons and the odds of perpetrating violence or experiencing violent victimization vary across inmates and staff. A comprehensive understanding of the causes of prison violence therefore requires consideration of both individual and prison characteristics.
Building on large dataset comprising 5,500 inmates and 1,800 officers across 45 prisons located across two of the United States (Ohio and Kentucky), this book showcases one of the largest and most comprehensive studies of prisons carried out to date. It considers both the implications of the study for theories of prison violence and the implications of the study for preventing violence in prisons. It will be of interest to academics, practitioners, and policy makers alike.
Chapter 1. Introduction
Explaining Prison Violence
A Multi-level
Social Control-Opportunity Perspective
Project Background
Overview of Chapters
References
Notes
Chapter 2. Prison Violence: Explanations and
Evidence
Violent Offending and Victimization Among Inmates
Deprivation
theory
Importation theory
Management theories
Integrated models
General theories of crime and victimization
Violent Victimization of Prison Officers
Summary
References
Chapter 3. A Multilevel Social Control-Opportunity
Framework for Understanding Prison Violence
Inmate Violence
Inmate-level
contributors to violent offending
Prison-level contributors to violent offending
Managerial
contributors to violent offending
Inmate Victimization
Inmate-level contributors to violent
victimization
Prison-level contributors to violent victimization
Officer Victimization
Officer-level contributors to violent victimization
Prison-level contributors to officer victimization
Summary
References
Chapter 4. Study Attributes
Samples
Facility samples
Cross-sectional inmate samples
Longitudinal inmate samples
Correctional officer samples
Data Sources
Inmate surveys
Officer surveys
Warden survey and observation instrument
Measures
Full sample of Ohio and Kentucky inmates
Sub-sample of Ohio inmates confronted
by prison staff for rule violations
Sample of Ohio and Kentucky correctional officers
Sample
of Ohio and Kentucky prisons
Statistical Analysis
Summary
Notes
References
Chapter 5. Identifying the Most Relevant Effects
on Violent Offending and Victimization in Ohio and Kentucky Prisons
Inmate Offending
Full sample
Ohio sample
Reduced sample
Inmate Victimization:
Full Sample
Violence at Work: Correctional Officer Sample
Summary
Chapter 6. Implications for a Multilevel Social Control-Opportunity Theory of In-Prison Violence
A Theoretical Understanding of Violent Offending and Victimization in Prison
Inmate violence
Inmate victimization by violence
Officer victimization and safety
A Theoretically
Informed Approach to Reducing In-Prison Violence
Summary
Notes
References
Chapter 7. Informing Strategies for Preventing Prison Violence
Facilities and Structure
Custodial Workforce and Resources
Adequately
educated, well-trained, and experienced officers
Properly equipped staff
Regular communication
among officers
Strong leadership with clear communication of officers' roles
Proper supervision
and support of officers
Effective use of officers
Healthy officer culture
Encourage officers to develop constructive relationships with inmates
Diverse officer workforce
Professional work environment
Regular searches of inmates and cells
Staff exposure
in housing units and living areas
Maintain staff perceptions of a safe environment
Programs
and Services
Programs to addres